Improvement in governors for steam and other engineery



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n. r. MosMAN, or CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN GOVERNORS FOR STAM AND OTHER ENGINERY.

'Tho' Schedule xeferred to in theseLettexn' Patent and making 'part of the. 52m6- This governor is designed for operation upon the gate l of a water-wheel, to control the "olume of water flowing thereto, soas to regulate the velocity of the wheel, to

keep it revolving at a fixed normal speed under increase and diminution ofthe head ofwater and varying amounts of resistance or work applied to the wheel. A

It is also designed to control the speed of steamengines under the varying conditions of work or resistance, and varying pressures of steam, and may be inder, and piston working therein,

connected with throttle'and cut-off valves by many different means.

In my invention, I make use of a closed hollow cylthe cylinder being filled with duid, which being allowed to pass from one side -to the other of the piston, through an aperture, or ape1turcs,vwhich may b e made adjustable, determines the number ofreciprocations which the piston can make in the cylinder, in a givexrtime, under a given pressure.

I combine with the rod of the piston, a cam, which is alranged to reciprocate it, forcing the iuid from one to the other' side of the piston,'the cam being located on a shaft driven by a water-wheel or a steam-engine, and being so fitted thereon that it is held from endwise -movcmeut, though allowed to turn on the shaft, it being rotated with the shaft through the medium of' a spring, the tension of )vhich determines the amount of pressure which can be exerted on the uid in the cylinder through the medium of the piston.

To prevent breakage of the spring, one end of which is fixed to the cam, the other end is fixed to a sleeve on the shaft, which is driven by the shaft solely by frictional contact, 'the degree of which is determined by screw-threads, or other suitable means of adj ustinentl In the drawings, which illustrate an embodiment of my inventon- Figui-el is a side elevation, and Figure 2 is a front elevation of my improved governor.

' The shaft driven from the engine or water-wheel, is marked a, and the cylinder, which is suit-ably'supported with relation to the shaft, is markedl b, the piston therein being denoted by dotted lines. c represents a pipe connecting both ends of the cylinder, d representing a valve` or screw-plug, by which the area ofthe fluid-passage in d is increased or diminished, so as to regulate the number of beats, or reciproca-tions of the piston in a given time.

and I do hereby de` The end of the piston-rod, which prot-rudes from the cylinder, is made to titA over and encompassthe hub of the came, which cam is tube so fitted on shaft a, that it may turn, `but not move longitudinally thereon.

In the yoke, or encompassing. partof the pistomarefixed two pins, ff', or friction-rolls, and the-cam is so shaped vthat it willnct on one pin, f, to raise .the piston, and on the other pin, f', to draw the piston down, the

cam commencing to operate on one pin the instant it v ceases to act on the other.

On the shaft a, between the fixed collar and a loose friction-washer, h, isfloeated a sleeve, Il, which is made to turn with the shaft a by being pinched between collar g and washer i, by the nutj, which is kept in position by the check-nutj.

The cam e and the sleeve 'i are connected by a heliv cal spring, lc, which is coiled` about the sleeve i, one

end of the spring being fast in th sleeve, and the other end in the hub of the cam e.

It will readily appear. that as the shaft @rotates in.' thedrawing, the" the direction of the arrows seen in sleeve will turn with the shaft by reason of the friction exerted upon its ends, and that the spring k will be the medium through which the cam e is made to turn with the shaft.

N ow, if the stress .on the carne, in reciprocating the piston, is sufficient to deflect the spring L', orto turn its coils, it is obvious that the movement of the cam c will not be synchronous with that of the shaita.

The strength and tension of the spring and the area of the passage for the fluid from one to the lother end of `the cylinder, may be so adjusted that the cam will reciprocate the piston a given number of movements in a given time; and if shaft a is turned faster than will give such a number of reciprocations to the piston, then the spring k will yield, and the cam will turn on the shaft.

"lhs diiierential motioubetween the cam andA the 'shaft is converted into a reciprocating movement for the purposeof acting on Ya steam-valve or a water.

gate, as follows;

On the shaft is located a sleeve, Z, which is prevented from turning on the shaft, but allowed to slide thereon, by the vcommon device of a feather and spline.

l The sleeve has thereupon a cam, q, located between collars on the sleeve, which arejto be made adjustable,

so that any desired degree of end pressure can be exerted on cam q, which has cut in its periphery, an inclined groove, into which projects a roll, m, secured to an arm, n, vwhich is fixed in the cam e, "so that Uit will be seen that when there is any differential motiu between th'e cam and the shaft, the inclined slotin the cam q will traverse the pin on, the effect of which will be to move the sleeve lendwise upon the shaft-a; and as on one end of the sleeve l there is a neck tted to receive one end of a lever,l which connects directly or indirectly with the steam-valve or water-gate to he controlled, it will be obvious how the apparatus described operates as a governor.

The sleeve t and the hub ofthe cam c are each provided with projections, marked, respectively, o and p,

which, by coming into Contact, prevent an excess of movement of the lcam with relation to theV shaft, such as would set or break the spring.

The illustration lthus far has been made upon the supposition that the shaft a revolves faster than at the desired normal speed. Suppose, then, that the shaft a slackens its normal number of revolutions, then. the sp1-ing 7c, by its resilient action, moves the cam e on shaft a, such movement operating, through arm n and pin m, to draw the sleeve ltow rd the cam c, and working the lever, or the connections, with a steam-valve or water-gate, so as to open eitherl and increase the flow of the motive-medium, and thus cause an increase of the revolutions of shaft a up to the normal rate.

By manipulation of the valve, or screw-plug cl, to increase or diminish the area `of the Huid-passage between the ends of the cylinder, the' number of reciprocations of the piston in a given time, under a given pressure, may be increased or diminished, and thus the normaly speed at which the governor will keep the motor may be varied at will.

Instead of having the fluid-passage between the ends of the cylinder, as described, the piston itself may be perforated, or it may be made of less diameter than the bore of the cylinder, or the internal surface of the cylinder may be grooved, but I prefer the ar rangement shown. e

The normal rate of speed mayalso be determined by adjustments of the spring, and, if desired, the endwise movement of the sleeve l may be made to work the valve, or screw-plug d, so that as the speed of shaft a is increased, the area of the fluid-passage between the endsof the cylinder is diminished. .and ccc lversa.

In the iluidreciprocator, Ipass the piston-rod through both heads of the cylinder, as shown in the drawing, so that the areas on both sides of the piston will be equal.

The action of thefspring k may be aided by the employment of arubber sleeve, located under the coils of the spring L, so that the rubber can aid the spring in its action.

While I have described the spring as a means for receiving the force developed by any undue increase in the speed of the shaft a, and for operating tomove the cam e, as the rotations of shaft a fall below their normal number, it will be seen by competent mechanics how a balance-wheel or frictional gearing may be applied to rserve the same purpose and as equivalents for the spring.

I claim the combination of the reciprocator with the sha of thepn'me mover, provided with the cam, for causing the movements of the reciproaator, substantially as herein specified.

Witnesses:

J. B CROSBY, FRANCIS GonLn.

D. F. MOSMAN. 

